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Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (Buenos Aires,
1776 - id., 1850) |
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 Nació
en Buenos Aires, comenzó a ser educado en la Universidad
Real, pero dejó de estudiar en 1791 para asumir
las responsabilidades del negocio de la familia después
de la muerte de su padre. En 1795, se fue a Cadiz, España,
y pasó los años siguientes viajando por
Francia y España.
Cuando los británicos ocuparon Buenos Aires en
1806, Pueyrredón se dirigió al campo y reunió
una ejército voluntario que recobró la ciudad.
En 1807 fue enviado como representante de Buenos Aires
en España, pero volvió en 1809 donde posteriormente
participó en el movimiento de independencia.
Después de la Revolución de Mayo de 1810,
lo designaron gobernador de Córdoba, y en 1811
se convirtió en el líder del ejército
del Alto Perú y en 1812 en miembro del primer triunvirato,
de breve duración. Desde 1812 hasta 1815, fue exiliado
en San Luis (Argentina).
El 9 de julio de 1816 fue elegido como Director Supremo
de las Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata en
el Congreso de Tucumán. Apoyó fuertemente
la campaña militar de José de San Martín
en Chile, y también fundó el primer Banco
Nacional de Argentina. Después de la declaración
de una constitución unitaria, es obligado a dimitir
en 1819, y lo exiliaron a Montevideo. Posteriormente,
jugó sólo un papel de menor importancia
en la política, intentando mediar entre Juan Manuel
de Rosas y Juan Lavalle en 1829.
Se casó con Calixta Tellechea y Caviedes. Su único
hijo, el famoso pintor e ingeniero civil Prilidiano, nació
en Buenos Aires el 24 de enero de 1823. |
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Sepulcro del Brigadier Juan Martín de Pueyrredón |
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Este sepulcro está
realizado en mármol blanco, siendo su cripta bajo
nivel. En su parte central, sobre un pedestal, vemos una
copa o pebetero: Fue diseñado por su hijo Prilidiano.
Nació en 1777 y falleció en 1850, habiendo
tenido amplia actuación desde las invasiones inglesas;fue
General en Jefe del Ejército del Alto Perú;
y también Director Supremo, proclamándose
la Independencia durante su gestión. Brindó
todo su apoyo al Ejército Libertador. En 1831,
se retiró a su quinta de San Isidro, hoy Museo
Histórico.
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Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (in English) |
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1- PUEYRREDÓN,
Juan Martín. Argentine general and Supreme
Director (1816–19), born in Buenos Aires, 18 December,
1776; died in Buenos Aires, 13 March, 1850. Their parents
were Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y Labroucherie
and Rita Damasia O’Doghan y Martinez de Soria. Juan
Martín enter the royal college of San Carlos, but
left it in 1971, when his father died, to take control
of the family businesses. In 1975 he was sent to Cádiz
where his uncle Diego lived. Then he traveled through
Spain and France, and studied history, literature, Latin
and philosophy in Paris. He returned to Buenos Aires in
1802, but the next year returned to Europe to marry his
cousin Dolores. His marriage lasted two years, till 1805,
when his wife died in May.
When the English general, Sir William Beresford, occupied
Buenos Aires, 27 June, 1806, Pueyrredon refused to recognize
the new authorities, and, leaving the city, began to organize
the resistance. On 31 July, he organized a volunteer force,
which, after a defeat at Perdriel, outside Buenos Aires,
united with the army of Santiago de Liniers to recapture
the city on 12 August. During the second invasion of the
English, which ended by the capitulation of General Whitelocke,
7 July, 1807, Pueyrred?n was in Spain acting as a representative
from Buenos Aires. In Europe, he witnessed the French
occupation of Spain, and realized that the best choice
for his country was the complete independence. In this
sense, he advised the Buenos Aires authorities to ignore
the rule of the vice-king Cisneros, but his letter was
intercepted by Martín de Álzaga who asked
the governor of Montevideo Elío to capture him.
He escaped to Brasil and returned to Buenos Aires in June,
1809, where he decided with his friends Belgrano, Castelli,
Vieytes, Beruti and Rodriguez Peña to propose Carlota
Joaquina (at that time in Brasil) as ruler of Buenos Aires
during the captivity of his brother, the king of Spain,
Fernando VII. However, this project did not proceed as
expected. Back to Buenos Aires, after the 25 May, 1810,
revolution, Pueyrred?n is appointed governor of Córdoba
and Charcas (1810–11). After the battle of Huaqui,
he rescued the treasury of Potosí, was made commander
of the patriot army of the north (1811–12), and member
of the first triumvirate at Buenos Aires (1812).
After the fall of the triumvirate he was exiled to San
Luis, where he lived from 1812 to 1815. There, he had
meetings with José de San Martín, the governor
of Mendoza. In 1815, Pueyrred?n married the 14 years old
María Calixta Tellechea (their only son was the
famous painter Prilidiano Pueyrredón, born in 1823).
He was sent, as representative from San Luís, to
the Congress of Tucuman, 9 July, 1816, where he is elected
Supreme Director after the resignation of Carlos María
de Alvear. He did his utmost to assist San Martín
in the preparation of his expedition for the liberation
of Chile, and, after the latter’s departure, 17 January,
1817, forwarded re-enforcements and resources to him.
In 1817 he obtained the transfer of the national congress
to Buenos Aires, and in 1818 the congress decreed the
a unitarian constitution, which caused general discontent
and several revolts. Pueyrred?n sent forces against the
rebellious provinces, and ordered the army of the north
against them, but the insurgents were victorious, and
he decided to resign, 9 June, 1819. While in power, Pueyrred?n
organized the public finances, founded the first national
bank, the mint and the customs house, re-opened the San
Carlos College, and organized the army and the military
courts. After the battle of Cepeda in 1820, Pueyrred?n
took refuge in Montevedio. He returned in 1821.
In 1828, the governor Juan Lavalle asked him to be part
of a temporary government council, and carried out negotiations
with Juan Manuel de Rosas. Pueyrred?n and his family went
to live to Europe in 1835 and returned in 1849, ending
his days in retirement on his ranch, Bosque Alegre, at
San Isidro, near Buenos Aires.
Edited Appletons Encyclopedia by Jose' M. Carcione, Copyright
© 2001 VirtualologyTM
2- PUEYRREDON, Juan Martin de
(poo-air'-ray-don'). Argentine statesman, born
in Buenos Ayres about 1775 ; died there about 1840. He
received his education in Spain, but returned in the first
years of the 19th century. When the English general, Sir
William Beresford, occupied Buenos Ayres, 27 June, 1806,
Pueyrredon refused to recognize the English authorities,
and, leaving the city, began to organize resistance. On
31 July, with a force of armed peasants, he attacked the
English outworks, and was driven back, but his troops
surrounded the city, which capitulated on 11 August In
the second invasion of the English he took a principal
part in the heroic defence of the city, which ended by
the capitulation of General Whitelocke, 7 July, 1807.
He was active in the movement for independence in 1810,
and, after the resignation of the director, Alvarez, was
elected by the congress of Tucuman, of which he was a
member, supreme director of the Argentine Republic, 3
May, 1816. Together with San Martin and Belgrano he favored
in that congress the election of a monarch, fearing that
a republican form of government would continue the anarchy
that existed at that time. During his administration he
did his utmost to assist San Martin, governor of Cuyo,
in the preparation of his expedition for the liberation
of Chili, and, after the latter's departure, 17 January,
1817, forwarded re-enforcements and resources to him.
In the same year he obtained the transfer of the congress
to Buenos Ayres, in order to have it more under his influence.
On 13 May that. body began its sessions there, and in
1818 it decreed the new constitution, which caused general
discontent and several revolts. Pueyrredon sent forces
from Buenos Ayres against the rebellious provinces, and
ordered the army of the north against them, but the insurgents
were victorious, and Pueyrredon was forced to resign,
10 June, 1819, taking refuge in Montevideo. After a few
years he returned, but he did not again take part in public
life, ending his days in retirement on his estate, Bosque
Hermoso, near Buenos Ayres.
3- Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
y O'Dogan (December 18, 1776 - March 13, 1850)
was an Argentine general and politician of the early 19th
century.
He was born in Buenos Aires, where he was educated at
the royal college, which he left in 1791 to assume the
responsibilities for the family business after his father's
death. In 1795, he went to Cadiz, Spain, and spent the
following years travelling through Spain and France.
When the British occupied Buenos Aires in 1806, Pueyrredón
fled to the countryside and rallied a volunteer force
which eventually recaptured the city. In 1807 he was sent
as representative of Buenos Aires to Spain again, but
returned in 1809 via Brazil to Buenos Aires, where he
subsequently participated in the independentist movement.
After the May revolution of 1810, he was appointed governor
of Córdoba, and in 1812 he became the leader of
the independent forces and a member of the short-lived
first triumvirate. Form 1812 to 1815, he was exiled in
San Luis. In 1816, he was elected Supreme Director of
the United Provinces of La Plata. He strongly supported
José de San Martín's military campaign in
Chile, and also founded the first national bank of Argentina
and the national mint. After the declaration of a unitarian
constitution, revolts forced him to resign in 1819, and
he was exiled to Montevideo. Subsequently, he played but
a minor role in politics, trying to mediate between Juan
Manuel de Rosas and Juan Lavalle in 1829.
He was married to María Calixta Tellechea y Caviedes.
Their only son, famous painter and civil engineer Prilidiano,
was born in Buenos Aires on January 24, 1823. From 1835
to 1849, he went to Europe with his family. He died in
retirement on his ranch near Buenos Aires. |
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